The end of 2012 is fast approaching and our payment systems are soon to enter their annual freeze period. Many of us are looking forward to […]

Virtualization is a decoupling of logical servers from physical hardware. It has many advantages, a few disadvantages, but how does the general case for or against virtualization stack up when focusing on [...]

The Transaction Protocol Data Unit (TPDU) is an old-school packet-based protocol designed for transaction-oriented applications. On the OSI model it stands between Transport Layer (e.g. X.25, TCP or UDP) [...]

One of the least explored areas of EMV lays in initial stages of terminal to card communication. A card lodges a data message in its memory […]